Biopsija limfnih čvorova iglom

Nasal cancer includes malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and malignant tumors of the paranasal sinuses, and squamous epithelial cancer is the most common; Epithelial carcinoma is the second most frequently included pharyngeal tumor, but it also belongs to the category of nasal cancer. The etiology of nasal cancer is not yet fully understood, and it is mostly related to chronic inflammation of the nasal cavity and malignant transformation of nasal polyps. First, the common clinical manifestations of nasal cancer are as follows: 1. Epistaxis and bloody nasal discharge are the most common symptoms. When the cancerous tissue is small and confined to the nasal cavity or sinuses, this symptom is the only "alarm" signal, and there is often not much bleeding, sometimes just blood in the snot, so it is often ignored by patients. 2. Unilateral nasal obstruction and runny nose The unilateral nasal obstruction occurs earlier in nasal cavity cancer, while sinus cancer occurs later. With the increase of tumor tissue, nasal congestion will become heavier and heavier, showing persistent nasal congestion. This is obviously different from the alternating nasal congestion on both sides of general rhinitis. After instillation of 1 percent ephedrine solution, it is not like rhinitis, which can significantly improve nasal ventilation. In addition, when the tumor tissue is necrotic or infected, there will be a special smelly nasal discharge. At this time, when you go to the hospital for examination, the doctor can often directly see the tumor tissue in the nasal cavity. 3. Cheek swelling, pain, numbness This is mainly a symptom of maxillary sinus cancer. In maxillary sinus cancer, more than half of the swollen cheeks, about 1/4 of the cheek pain, and about 1/5 of the cheek numbness, some patients can feel a raised lump under the local skin, which is confirmed to be cancer by pathological examination. Swelling out of the sinuses. 4. Eye symptoms include unilateral exophthalmos, diplopia, red eye, tearing, eye pain, vision loss, etc. These symptoms generally appear earlier in ethmoid sinus cancer. Ocular symptoms can also occur when maxillary and frontal sinus cancers extend into the orbit. However, most of the patients went to the ophthalmology department first, and eventually they were transferred to the otolaryngology department because of the prominent symptoms and the difficulty in explaining the eye disease. 5. The most common oral symptoms are toothache, loose teeth and difficulty in opening the mouth. These symptoms are mainly related to maxillary sinus cancer. Because the top cover of the oral cavity is the bottom wall of the maxillary sinus, the lesions of the maxillary sinus often have the above-mentioned symptoms of the teeth, among which the symptoms of the first, second molars and second bicuspids on the affected side are obvious. 6. Other symptoms include swelling and deformation of the nose, swollen lymph nodes in the neck, headache, and general health deterioration. These are mostly symptoms of advanced cancer. When the above clinical symptoms appear, you should go to the ENT department of the hospital immediately, and timely CT and pathological examination can confirm the diagnosis. 2. Nasopharyngeal cancer has the following manifestations: 1. Bleeding: It is manifested as blood in the nasal discharge or blood in the sputum after suctioning the nose. It often occurs after getting up in the morning, and the bloody nasal discharge is sucked from the mouth, and the blood is not much. This phenomenon is medically known as "respiration with blood", which is one of the early symptoms of nasopharyngeal cancer. 2. Headache and nasal congestion: In the early stage, there is headache, and it tends to be on one side, which is intermittent; in the late stage, there is persistent pain, which is easily mistaken for neurological migraine. Nasal congestion: Nasal congestion is another early manifestation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma, which is mostly unilateral. When the tumor increases, both sides are blocked. 3. Cervical lymphadenopathy: there is a lump in one or both sides of the neck, which is incapacitated, hard in quality, and poor in activity. It is often mistaken for lymphadenopathy or lymphadenitis. 4. Other symptoms: In addition to one or all of the above symptoms, symptoms such as nasal congestion, closed ears, tinnitus, facial numbness, diplopia, and drooping face may also occur. Advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma is prone to intracranial invasion and distant metastases such as bone, liver, and lung. Diagnosis Nasopharyngoscopy is the most effective and reliable method for detecting nasal tumors, and the final diagnosis depends on biopsy. Viral serological examination is beneficial for early detection.

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